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Islam Dan Kebangsaan Tuan Guru

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Islam Dan Kebangsaan Tuan Guru

Berita Islam 24H - MENJELANG peringatan hari Pahlawan Nasional 10 November ada kesibukan dan nuansa atau suasana batin kebangsaan yang khas terutama di NTB. Di banyak tempat sepanjang jalan utama NTB dijumpai spanduk dan baliho terpampang. Isinya dukungan dan doa masyarakat agar Presiden menetapkan seorang tokoh panutan, pemimpin kharismatik Tuan Guru KH. Zainuddin Abdul Majid sebagai Pahlawan Nasional.

Harapan besar ini sesungguhnya sudah lama mengemuka beberapa tahun yang lalu. Salah satu alasannya adalah NTB hingga saat ini belum mempunyai seorang Pahlawan Nasional pun yang ditetapkan secara formal oleh pemerintah. Memang di mata masyarakat luas, sebagaimana yang juga diungkap oleh "Ummi" (ibu Gubernur NTB dan putri Syech Maulana Zainuddin Abdul Majid) Tuan Guru sebetulnya sudah dan nampak akan selalu menjadi pahlawan mereka yang sangat dicintai. Jasa dan pengorbanannya sangat dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Dan "insya Allah, Syech Maulana juga sudah menjadi pahlawan di mata Allah," begitu Ummi menyatakan saat penulis bersilaturahim.

Pengaruh dan magnitudenya masih sangat terasa kuat meskipun sudah wafat tahun 1997. Meskipun demikian, keputusan Presiden untuk menetapkan Tuan Guru sebagai Pahlawan Nasional menjadi sangat berharga (1) untuk menunjukkan apresiasi tinggi pemerintah terhadap jasa almarhum dalam kurun waktu antara tahun 1934 saat pertama kali berjuang sepulang dari Mekah menimba ilmu dan kearifan hingga akhir hayatnya tahun 1997 (2) untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas supaya mereka selalu mengikuti keluhuran Tuan Guru.

Corak Keberislaman

Salah satu karakter keberislaman yang menonjol dari Tuan Guru ialah terbuka. Pengalaman pengembaraan intelektualnya terutama selama bermukim di Mekah sangat kuat berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan corak pemahamannya tentang Islam dan Islam seperti apa yang kemudian diperjuangkan dan ditegakkan di kemudian hari. Persentuhannya yang sangat intens dengan para Ulama besar dari berbagai Madzhab keislaman selama belajar di Masjidil Haram Mekah merupakan pengembaraan intelektual dan keagamaan yang sangat berharga karena Tuan Guru mulai terbiasa dan terlatih berhadapan dengan berbagai perbedaan pemahamam keislaman.

Di era ini sikap respek terhadap pendapat yang berbeda mulai tertanam; kesediaan untuk berdialog dengan madzhab apapun bahkan terhadap persoalan-persoalan keagamaanpun terbentuk. Sikap seperti ini juga ditunjukkan selama Tuan Guru belajar di Madrasah Shoulatiyah. Bahkan di madrasah inilah Tuan Guru mulai berkenalan dengan pandangan dan sikap revolusioner yang ditularkan oleh pendiri madrasah ini; dia adalah sorang Mujahid India yang selalu menggelorakan perlawanan terhadap imperialisme Inggris di India. Islam yang diperoleh selama bermukim di Mekah ialah Islam yang menyuburkan hati dengan Aqidah dan Akhlaq, Islam yang menggerakkan masyarakat untuk kemajuan dan liberasi.

Kombinasi kedalaman intelektualnya dalam bidang keislaman dengan penghayatan dan kepeduliannya terhadap persoalan-persoalan ketidak adilan, keterbelakangan, kedaulatan yang terampas telah mendorong Tuan Guru untuk tampil sebagai seorang Alim yang nasionalis, humanis dan liberatif.

Islam yang dia yakini juga Islam yang menggerakkan untuk membangkitkan kesadaran kebangsaan. Dan inilah nasionalisme awal abad ke XX di mana Islam menjadi sumber penting dan terartikulasi antara lain dengan pembentukan organisasi pergerakan, penyelenggaraan pendidikan, penguatan gerakan sosial keagamaan dan politik.

Pemilihan nama Nahdatul Watan (kebangkitan bangsa) untuk ormas dan madarasah yang didirikan dan Al-Mujahidin (para pejuang) untuk nama pesantrennya merupakan sinyal kuat kecintannya kepada bangsa. Kombinasi sikap dan pandangannya yang terbuka dengan kecintaannya kepada bangsa atau tanah air ditunjukkan antara lain melalui pendidikan yang mengadopsi elemen Islam, lokal dan barat sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan oleh sebuah ormas Islam yang lebih tua yaitu Muhammadiyah.

Di madrasah dan pesantren yang ia pimpin ini ia semai dan perkuat keluhuran budi pekerti dan kepribadian, ia kembangkan dan perluas ilmu-ilmu keislaman (ulum al-din) dan suburkan patriotisme kepejuangan dan nasionalisme. Ini adalah Islam revolusioner yang diarahkan untuk missi pembebasan atau liberatif dan menegakkan keadilan dan kedaulatan serta menjunjung tinggi martabat. Pembelaan dan perjuangannya tanpa pamrih terhadap kedaulatan yang tertindas, kesederhanaanya dan kredibilitas moralnya telah menempatkan Tuan Guru sebagai seorang tokoh, pemimpin dan orang tua yang sangat didengar dan diikuti serta dicintai oleh banyak orang. Petuah-petuah keagamaan, spiritual dan kebangsaannya terutama yang terkait dengan sikap yang harus dilakukan terhadap NICA sangat didengar dan diikuti.

Jadi, inilah Islam yang harus ditegakkan dan diperjuangkan yaitu Islam yang menyatu dengan spirit kebangsaan dan keindonesiaan. Bagi Tuan Guru, Islam bukan sekedar kompatibel dengan nasionalisme akan tetapi menjadi ruh yang menjiwai, membentuk dan memperkokoh nasionalisme. Spirit nasionalismenya tidak saja terlihat antara lain di puisi-puisi dan syair lagu karyanya, akan tetapi diwujudkan dalam karya nyata bidang pendidikan dan perjuangan revolusi serta keterlibatannya secara langsung dalam menyemai demokrasi melalui aktivitasnya di politik praktis.

Hal lain yang penting ditegaskan bahwa kedalaman pengetahuan Akhlaq Tasawuf dan pengalaman batin keagamaan (sufistik)nya juga menjadi ciri keislamannya yang sangat kuat. Ia sediakan jalan spiritual (spiritual path) Tarekat khas NTB yaitu Tarekat Hizbiyah Wataniyah. Melalui Tarekat ini Tuan Guru memberikan arah jalan kepada seluruh pengikutnya yaitu jalan keagamaan dengan berbagai Wirid/Aurod atau Hizib. Sebagaimana kecenderungan Tasawuf Akhlaqi atau Tasawuf Amaly lainnya, jalan spiritual yang disediakan dan ditempuh ialah Tarekat Hizbi Wathoni. Bagi para pengkaji Tasawuf dan Tarekat, fenomena. Muncul dan berkembangnya Tarekat Hizbi Watani ini menarik. Apa corak tarekat ini dan bagaimana silsilah ke atasnya, bagaimana hubungan Tarekat Hizbi Watani dengan tarekat tarekat lainnya termasuk yang mainstream semacam Qadariyah dan Naqsabandiyah. Lepas dari tantangan akademik ini, yang pasti Tuan Guru secara keagamaan dan spirutual adalah trend setter yang sungguh sangat penting. Pengaruhnya sudah cukup luas dan karena itulah makamnya selalu diziarahi masyarakat luas. Tuan Guru memang seorang Syech Maulana yang selalu terhubungkan dengan masyarakat luas.

Relevansi Kehadirannya

Tidak berlebihan untuk menegaskan beberapa hal tentang makna kehadiran Tuan Guru dalam kontek NTB dan masyarakat bangsa yang lebih luas antara lain sebagai berikut:

1. Patriotisme dan Nasionalisme. Tuang Guru menjadi contoh kongkrit bagaimana dia mencintai bangsa dan tanah airnya melalui perjuangannya yang tidak mengenal lelah. Hingga berada di tandu di usia rentanyapun Tuan Guru masih terus memberikan sesuatu yang terbaik. Era milenium ini kehidupan berbangsa masih terus dilanda oleh berbagai persoalan yang sangat serius antara lain kriminalitas dan tindakan tindakan a moral yang bahkan juga dilakukan oleh mereka yang menempatkan dirinya sebagai pemimpin apakah itu di lingkungan birokrasi, partai politik, dunia usaha, ormas dan bahkan di lingkungan di dunia pendidikan dan penegak hukum sekalipun. Alih alih bicara soal patriotisme dan nasionalisme serta cinta negeri, orang-orang kotor ini justru telah merampok dan merusak kehidupan berbangsa; merekalah musuh utama Pancasila dan bangsa.

Di kalangan generasi muda dan anak-anak, patriotisme dan nasionalisme sungguh sangatlah penting karena jika dibiarkan, mereka akan menjadi anak-anak teknologis yang asyik masyuk dengan dunia imajinatif, hoax dan fitnah di komunitas media sosial. Mereka bisa menjadi generasi yang hilang karena kecintaannya kepada negeri ini dan kesediaannya untuk membangun bangsa telah dibajak oleh produk teknologi komunikasi yang bksa memberikan jalan luas menuju kesesatan dan kezaliman, bukan jalan lurus yang produktif bagi peradaban bangsa, sebagaimana yang juga dicontohkan oleh Tusn Guru. Harus ada upaya sistimatis serius untuk membangun kembali dan memperkokoh patriotisme dan nasionalisme dengan pendekatan pendekatan yang at home terutama bagi generasi muda milenial.

2. Agama. Sebagaimana yang juga ditunjulkan oleh Tuan Guru, Islam menjadi faktor yang sangat fundamental dalam menghadapi berbagai problem dan tantangan kehidupan. Dan bahkan Islam juga merupakan faktor penting nasionalisme. Di era saat ini, masih terasa pentingnya kehadiran agama khususnya Islam antara lain dalam menghadapi arus liberalisme, hedonisme, sekularisme, pengrusakan dan penghancuran kemanusiaan dan lingkungan, dekadensi moral, pembajakan kedaulatan, kriminalitas dan berbagai bentuk kejahatan baik yang dilakukan oleh individu, kelompok bahkan negara sekalipun. Negeri ini tak mungkin menjadi negeri yang sehat, bersih, dipercaya jika yang mengendalikan adalah orang-orang yang kotor dan tidak tunduk kepada falsafah bangsa Pancasila.

3. Kebersamaan dan kesatuan. Salah satu problem kebangsaan kita ialah keretakan dan konflik. Fenomena global juga menunjukkan kepada kita bahwa kebersamaan dan kesatuan telah dipecah pecah untuk berbagai motif dan kepentingan. Contohnya Syiah Suni yang sebetulnya merupakan konflik kuno jaman Islam klasik di Arab sana. Akan tetapi soal Syiah Suni sudah menjadi komoditas sosial keagamaan dan politik yang disebar ke berbagai penjuru termasuk di Indonesia. Tidak sedikit yang terpengaruh dan kemudian melibatkan diri dalam konflik ini. Bahkan ada sebagian tokoh umat juga ikut terlibat dalam hasudan sentimen dekaden Syiah Suni. Kehadiran tokoh dan pemimpin yang jernih akal sehat dan jiwa sehat sangat penting supaya kehidupan sosial politik dan kebangsaan tetap kohesif meskipun tak bisa dipungkiri adanya perbedaan. Bhineka Tunggal Ika haruslah tetap secara terus menerus dipertahankan dan diperkuat. Tuan Guru dalam sejarah perjalanan hidupnya telah menjadi tokoh pemimpin yang memiliki kepedulian untuk menciptakan social cohession, mentradisikan gotong royong, Ta'awun, social solidarity, menghargai dan mempertemukan perbedaan sehingga menjadi enerji positif dan produktif.

Penulis adalah cendekiawan muslim [beritaislam24h.info / rmol]
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